朱敏

人物经历

朱敏于一九六五年十月在江苏省张家港市出生。一九八四年,他顺利完成南京大学地质系古生物地层专业的学业,获得学士学位。随后,他于一九八七年从中国地质科学院研究生部(现中国地质大学)古生物地层专业毕业,取得硕士学位。一九九〇年,朱敏在中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所攻读古脊椎动物学专业,顺利获得博士学位,此后便留在该研究所从事科研工作。一九九三年至一九九六年期间,他前往法国巴黎自然历史博物馆进行深入的博士后研究工作。一九九六年至一九九七年,朱敏获得洪堡基金资助,赴德国柏林自然博物馆开展合作研究。一九九九年,他荣获国家杰出青年科学基金的资助,标志着其科研能力获得国内重要认可。自一九九九年十二月至二〇〇八年二月,朱敏担任中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所的第七任及第八任所长,主持研究所的各项工作。二〇〇四年,他入选首批新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选,体现了其在专业领域的突出贡献。二〇一二年三月,朱敏被聘为中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所首届杰出研究员,进一步确立了其学术地位。二〇一五年七月,他入选中国科学院院士增选初步候选人名单。二〇一六年,朱敏先后入选国家“万人计划”领军人才,并担任科技部重点领域创新团队负责人,在科研组织与人才培养方面发挥重要作用。二〇二一年十一月,他正式当选为中国科学院院士(地学部),这是对其数十年来在古生物学与地层学领域持续耕耘的高度肯定。二〇二五年二月,朱敏再次获得国际学术界的认可,当选为瑞典皇家科学院生物学领域外籍院士,彰显了其研究成果在国际上的广泛影响力。朱敏活动照朱敏朱敏活动照朱敏朱敏活动照

科研成就

朱敏带领团队为解决古生物学与演化生物学领域一些长期争论不休的重大理论问题(如颌起源、有颌类起源与早期分化格局、硬骨鱼纲起源与早期演化等)提出了有影响力的新学说并提供了关键实证,有力地推动了国际学术界对硬骨鱼纲起源乃至有颌类早期分化的探索,使中国早期脊椎动物研究稳居古脊椎动物研究领域的国际前沿地位。根据2022年2月中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所网站显示,朱敏发表学术论著150余篇/部,其中Nature、Science、Cell论文16篇(第一或通讯作者论文11篇)。2013年,朱敏成为瑞典皇家科学院第三期阿特迪讲座的主讲嘉宾,做了题为《中国远古鱼类揭示有颌脊椎动物起源与早期演化》的报告。2015年5月12—13日,朱敏参加在瑞典乌普萨拉大学举行的“早期脊椎动物演化研究中的古生物学和分子学方法”学术研讨会,并以《The Silurian Xiaoxiang Vertebrate Fauna-a window to explore the early evolution of jawed vertebrates》为题作报告。2019年 组织主办第15届早期脊椎动物国际学术研讨会。Nostolepisscale remains (stem Chondrichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan,China,PeerJ, 2021, 通讯作者Modeling scale morphogenesis in a Devonianchondrichthyan and scale growth patterns in crown gnathostomes,Journal ofVertebrate Paleontology, 2021, 通讯作者滇东志留系-泥盆系界线与肺鱼-四足动物分歧点的最小时间约束, The Silurian-Devonian boundary in East Yunnan (South China) andthe minimum constraint for the lungfish tetrapod split,SCIENCE CHINA EarthSciences, 2021, 通讯作者Redescription of the Sanqiaspidae(Galeaspida) from the Lower Devonian of South China and its biostratigraphicsignificance, Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2021, 通讯作者Tracing the genetic footprints ofvertebrate landing in non-teleost ray-finned fishes,Cell, 2021, 通讯作者Semantic segmentation of vertebratemicrofossils from computed tomography data using a deep learning approach,Journalof Micropalaeontology, 2021, 通讯作者A new Silurian fish close to the commonancestor of modern gnathostomes,Current Biology,2021, 通讯作者Endocast and bony labyrinth of a Devonian"placoderm" challenges stem gnathostome phylogeny,Current Biology,2021, 第 7 作者鱼类微体化石三维数据采集以及基于深度学习的数据分析方法, 3D DataCollection of Fish Microfossils and Data Analysis,BIO-101, 2021, 通讯作者Early Silurian chondrichthyans from theTarim Basin (Xinjiang, China),PLoS One, 2020, 通讯作者New material of thelodonts from Lochkovian(Lower Devonian) of Qujing, Yunnan, China,Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2020,通讯作者A redescription of the SilurianSinogaleaspisshankouensis(Galeaspida, stem-Gnathostomata) from Jiangxi, China,VertebrataPalAsiatica, 2020, 通讯作者ADMorph: A 3D Digital MicrofossilMorphology Dataset for Deep Learning,IEEE Access, 2020, 通讯作者国内外古脊椎动物数据库综述, 高校地质学报, 2020, 通讯作者Scale morphology and squamation pattern ofGuiyuoneirosprovide new insights into early osteichthyan body plan,ScientificReports, 2019, 通讯作者Reappraisal of the Silurian placodermSilurolepisand insights into the dermal neck joint evolution,Royal Society OpenScience, 2019, 通讯作者The postparietal shield of the PragiandipnomorphArquatichthysand itsimplications for the rhipidistiancranial anatomy,Palaeoworld, 2019, 通讯作者VPPDB: Hosting the Data for VertebratePaleoanthropology,Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition), 2019, 通讯作者The circulatory system of Galeaspida(Vertebrata; stem-Gnathostomata),Palaeoworld, 2019, 通讯作者A reappraisal of the Silurian galeaspids(stem-Gnathostomata) from Tarim Basin, Xinjiang,Vertebrata PalAsiatica,2019, 第 2 作者The posterior cranial portion of theearliest known TetrapodomorphTungsenia paradoxaand the early evolutionof tetrapodomorph endocrania,Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2019, 通讯作者A review of Silurian fishes fromnorth-western Hunan, China and related biostratigraphy,Acta GeologicaPolonica, 2018, 通讯作者Redescription ofPhymolepis cuifengshanensis(Antiarcha: Yunnanolepididae) using high-resolution computed tomography and newinsights into anatomical details of the endocranium in antiarchs,PeerJ,2018, 通讯作者New polybranchiaspiform fishes (Agnatha:Galeaspida) from the Middle Palaeozoic of China and their ecomorphologicalimplications,PloS One, 2018, 通讯作者人类颌骨源何处,科学,2017, 第 2 作者人类的面孔如何从鱼形祖先演化而来?,科学通报, 2017, 通讯作者A new osteichthyan from the late Silurianof Yunnan, China, PloS One, 2017, 通讯作者The evolution of the zygomatic bone fromAgnatha to Tetrapoda,The Anatomical Record,2017, 通讯作者A Devonian tetrapod-like fish revealssubstantial parallelism in stem tetrapod evolution,Nature Ecology &Evolution, 2017, 第 1 作者A new antiarch placoderm from the Emsian(Early Devonian) of Wuding, Yunnan, China,Alcheringa, 2017, 通讯作者A new stem sarcopterygian illuminatespattern of character evolution in early bony fishes,Nature Communications,2017, 通讯作者我们的祖先从水里来——硬骨鱼类起源与早期演化研究进展,自然杂志, 2016, 通讯作者A Silurian maxillate placoderm illuminatesjaw evolution,Science, 2016, 第 1 作者Early gnathostome phylogeny Revisited:Multiple method consensus,PloS One, 2016, 通讯作者A Devonian predatory fish provides insightsinto the early evolution of modern sarcopterygians,Science Advances,2016, 通讯作者The Oldest Actinopterygian Highlights theCryptic Early History of the Hyperdiverse Ray-Finned Fishes,Current Biology,2016, 通讯作者Redescription ofYinostius major(Arthrodira:Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the interrelationships ofBrachythoraci,Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 通讯作者A new Early Devonian lungfish from Guangxi,China, and its palaeogeographic significance,Alcheringa, 2015, 通讯作者A streamlined jawless fish (Galeaspida)from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China and its taxonomic and paleoecologicalimpliations,Vertebrata PalAsistica, 2015, 通讯作者New genomic and fossil data illuminate theorigin of ename,Nature, 2015, 第 3 作者Copulation in antiarch placoderms and theorigin of gnathostome internal fertilization,Nature, 2015, 第 4 作者A new petalichthyid placoderm from theEarly Devonian of Yunnan, China,Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2015, 通讯作者Bone gain and loss: Insights from genomesand fossils,National Science Review, 2014, 第 1 作者The largest Silurian vertebrate and itspalaeoecological implications,Scientific Reports,2014, 通讯作者中国古脊椎动物志. 第1卷. 鱼类. 第1册, 无颌类:总第1册, 科学出版社, 2015-01, 第 1 作者A review of the Silurian fishes from China,with comments on the correlation of fish-bearing strata,Earth ScienceFrontiers, 2014, 第 2 作者A Silurian placoderm with osteichthyan-likemarginal jaw bones, Nature, 2013, 第 1 作者A redescription ofKiangyousteus yohii(Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with remarkson the systematics of the Eubrachythoraci,Zoological Journal of LinneanSociety, 2013, 通讯作者Scales and dermal skeletal histology of anearly bony fish Psarolepis romeri and their bearing on the evolution of rhombicscales and hard tissues,PLoS One, 2013, 通讯作者The earliest known stem-tetrapod from theLower Devonian of China,Nature Communications, 2012, 通讯作者The origin of the vertebrate jaw:intersection between developmental biology-based model and fossil evidence.,ChineseScience Bulletin, 2012, 通讯作者Fossil fishes from China provide firstevidence of dermal pelvic girdles in osteichthyans,PloS One, 2012, 第 1 作者Earliest known coelacanth skull extends therange of anatomically modern coelacanths to the Early Devonian,NatureCommunications, 2012, 第 1 作者An antiarch placoderm shows that pelvicgirdles arose at the root of jawed vertebrates,Biology Letters, 2012, 第 1 作者Fossil jawless fish from China foreshadowsearly jawed vertebrate anatomy,Nature, 2011, 通讯作者Geochemical stratigraphy and microvertebrateassemblage sequences across the Silurian/Devonian transition in South China.ActaGeologica Sinica (English Edition), 2011, 通讯作者Cranial anatomy of a primitive osteichthyanPsarolepisbased on high-resolution computed tomography.Journal ofVertebrate Paleontology, 31(Special Issue: SI): 177,2011, 通讯作者Middle Palaeozoic vertebrate biogeography,palaeogeography and climate (IGCP Project 491).Palaeoworld, 2010,19(1-2): 1-205. Special Issue. 第一作者Carbon isotope stratigraphy across theSilurian-Devonian transition in Zoige (West Qinling), China.Bollettinodella Società Paleontologica Italiana, 2010, 49: 35-45. 通讯作者Meemannia eos,a basal sarcopterygian fish from the Lower Devonian of China–expanded description and significance. In: Elliott, D. K., Maisey, J. G., Yu,X.-B. &Miao, D.-S. (eds.), Morphology, Phylogeny and Paleobiogeography ofFossil Fishes. München: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Peel, 2010: 199-214. 第一作者A new antiarch fish from the Upper DevonianZhongning Formation of Ningxia, China.Palaeoworld, 2010, 19: 136-145,通讯作者Silurian atmospheric O2 changes and theearly radiation of gnathostomes.Palaeoworld, 2010, 19: 146-159,通讯作者Cranial morphology of the SiluriansarcopterygianGuiyu oneiros(Gnathostomata: Osteichthyes).ScienceChina: Earth Science, 2010, 53: 1836–1848,通讯作者]A basal antiarch (placoderm fish) from theSilurian of Qujing, Yunnan, China.Palaeoworld, 2010, 19(1-2): 129-135,通讯作者A new antarctaspid arthrodire (placodermfish) from the Lower Devonian of Guangxi, China.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,2010, 48(2): 101-110, 第一作者脊椎动物起源与早期演化. 见:“10000个科学难题”地球科学编委会. 10000个科学难题, 地球科学卷. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010, 191-195. (Zhu, M. The origin and early evolution ofvertebrates. In: 10000 Selected Problems in Sciences-Earth Science. Beijing:Science Press, 2010: 191-195). 第一作者The oldest articulated osteichthyan revealsmosaic gnathostome characters.Nature, 2009, 458:469-474,第一作者Stem sarcopterygians have primitivepolybasal fin articulation.Biology Letters, 2009, 3: 372-275,第一作者有颌脊椎动物早期分化的化石实证. 见:沙金庚(主编), 世纪飞跃——辉煌的中国古生物学(纪念中国古生物学会成立80周年). 北京: 科学出版社, 2009:231-237. (Zhu, M. Evidnence for the early diversification of gnathostomes. In:Sha, J.-G. (ed.), Flying across Century-The splendent Paleontology in China.Beijing: Science Press, 2009: 231-237.),第一作者鱼类部分. 见: 全国科学技术名词审定委员会审定. 古生物学名词(第二版). 北京: 科学出版社, 2009: 72-81. (Zhu, M. Pisces. In: Chinese terms in Palaeontology(Second Edition). Beijing: Science Press, 2009: 72-81.) 第一作者A new Devonian Tetrapodomorph fish and itsbearing on the fish-tetrapod transition.Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2009, 29(Supplement: S): 207A. 第一作者第五章, 古生物学思想史. 见:涂光炽(主编), 地学思想史. 湖南教育出版社, 2007 : 147-185. (Zhu, M. &Yu, X.-B. 2007. Chapter 5, The history of paleontologic thoughts. In: Tu, G.-Z.(ed.), The history of geoscientific thoughts. Hunan Education Press, 2007:147-185.) 第一作者第五章, 古脊椎动物. 见: 童金南, 殷鸿福(主编), 古生物学. 高等教育出版社,2007 : 131-163. (Zhu, M. Chapter 5, Vertebrate Palaeontology. In: (Tong, J.-N.& Yin, H.-F. (eds.), Palaeontology. Higher Education Press, 2007: 131-163.)第一作者A primitive fish provides key charactersbearing on deep osteichthyan phylogeny.Nature, 2006, 441: 77-80.第一作者肉鳍鱼类的早期辐射与跨古大洋分布. 见:戎嘉余(主编),生物的起源、辐射与多样性演变—华夏化石记录的启示. 北京: 科学出版社, 2006: 399-416(中文), 885-887(英文). (Zhu, M. & Zhao, W.-J. Early diversification ofsarcopterygians and trans-Panthalassic Ocean distribution. In: Rong, J.-Y.(ed.), Originations and Radiations-Evidences from the Chinese Fossil Record.Beijing: Science Press, 2006: 399-416, 885-887.) 第一作者The origin of the internal nostril oftetrapods.Nature, 2004, 432: 94-97. 第一作者Lower jaw character transitions among majorsarcopterygian groups – a survey based on new materials from Yunnan, China. In:Arratia, G.; Cloutier, R. & Wilson, M. V. H. (eds.), Recent advances in theorigin and early radiation of vertebrates. —Honoring Hans-Peter Schultze.München: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 2004: 271-286. 第一作者A primitive fish close to the commonancestor of tetrapods and lungfish.Nature, 2002, 418: 767-770. 第一作者First Devonian tetrapod from Asia.Nature,2002, 420: 760-761.第一作者A primitive sarcopterygian fish with aneyestalk.Nature, 2001, 410: 81-84. 第一作者Interrelationships of basal osteichthyans.In: Ahlberg, P. (ed.), Major Events in Early Vertebrate Evolution. London:Taylor & Francis, 2001: 289-314. 第一作者硬骨鱼类起源与早期演化研究.中国科学院院刊, 2001, 16: 44-46. (Zhu, M. Study on the origin and early evolutionof osteichthyans.Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2001, 16:44-46. ) 第一作者追寻四亿年前四足动物的祖先. 见: 深海潜鱼4亿年-导读. 台湾, 2001:14-19. (Zhu, M. Searching for the ancestor of tetrapod before 400 Millionyears. In: A fish caught in time. Taiwan, 2001: XIV-XIX.) 第一作者Catalogue of Devonian vertebrates in China,with notes on bio-events.Courier Forschunginstitut Senckenberg, 2000,223: 373-390. 第一作者寻找硬骨鱼类的祖先. 见:沙金庚, 朱敏(主编), 创新者的报告(第5集), 古生物学研究成果专集. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000: 12-21. (Zhu, M. Searching for the ancestor of bony fishes.In: Sha, J.-G. & Zhu, M. (eds.), Innovators’ Report (5). Beijing: SciencePress, 2000: 12-21.) 第一制作A primitive fossil fish sheds light on theorigin of bony fishes.Nature, 1999, 397: 607-610. 第一作者隔离分化生物地理学译文集. 北京: 大百科全书出版社, 1996: 1-326. (Chow, M.-C., Chang, M.-M., Chen, Y.-Y. & Zhu, M.(eds.). Collection of Translated Papers on Vicariance. Beijing: EncyclopediaPress, 1996: 1-340,共同主编Un onychodontide (Vertebrata,Sarcopterygii) du Dévonien inférieur de Chine.Comptes Rendus de l'Academiedes Sciences, Serie II, 1994, 319 (8): 951-956. 第一作者

人才培养

在中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所于2016年举办的研究生开学典礼暨新职工入所教育活动的现场,研究员朱敏作为导师代表发表了讲话。他着重从阅读、提问、情怀与志趣这四个维度,向全体新入学的研究生提出了殷切的期望与具体的要求。朱敏强调,在学术阅读上应当追求深入精研,避免泛泛而览,通过高质量的阅读来构建扎实的知识基础;同时,他鼓励大家要敢于并善于提出问题,逐步培养起严谨的批判性思维。此外,他还希望研究生们不仅专注于学问的增长,更要学习为人处世的智慧,保持真挚的学术热忱与人文情怀,并在科研工作之余,积极培育广泛的兴趣爱好,让生活与学术相互滋养、共同丰富。就在同年的5月,以朱敏研究员为核心的科研团队凭借其突出的科研贡献与创新能力,成功入选了2015年度创新人才推进计划中的重点领域创新团队名单,这标志着其团队在相关研究领域获得了国家层面的高度认可与支持。

荣誉表彰

在2024年,古生物学研究领域取得了一项引人注目的进展,科学家们正式为一种发现于澳大利亚的远古鱼类确立了新的学名。这种生物属于体型相对较小的四足形类肉鳍鱼类,被命名为朱敏哈拉吉卡掠鱼(Harajicadectes zhumini)。值得关注的是,该物种的种名“zhumini”特意用以致敬和献给我国著名的古鱼类学家朱敏研究员,以表彰他在早期脊椎动物演化研究中所作出的卓越而持久的学术贡献。这一命名不仅体现了对科学家个人成就的尊重,也进一步丰富了我们对泥盆纪肉鳍鱼类多样性及其向四足动物演化关键阶段的认识。

社会活动

2022年11月,参加腾讯科学WE大会并发表演讲。

人物评价

在探索脊椎动物登陆历程的宏伟画卷中,朱敏及其研究团队始终遵循着张弥曼院士所奠定的四足动物起源研究框架,并在此方向上进行了深入而系统的追索,最终取得了一系列令人瞩目的卓越成就。朱敏研究员在科研生涯中产出了多项具有深远国际影响力的重要成果,这些成果为澄清演化生物学领域内若干悬而未决、长期存在争议的核心科学问题——例如硬骨鱼纲的起源机制、内鼻孔的形成与演化路径、以及颌部结构的起源等——提供了不可或缺的关键性化石证据与理论支撑,从而有力地确保了我国在早期脊椎动物演化研究领域持续居于国际学术前沿的领先地位。在朱敏身上,最为人所称道的突出品质便是数十年如一日的执着与坚持,他对自己所深耕的专业领域怀有坚定的科学信念和深厚的热忱。正是凭借这份持之以恒的探索精神,朱敏在颌的起源这一根本性命题以及鱼类向陆地环境过渡的关键演化环节研究中,作出了独特而不可替代的学术贡献。